Results FLLL32, a curcumin analog that is specifically desi

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Cells were washed twice with PBS, and cells on the upper membrane of the insert were removed with a ster ile cotton swab. The insert was then placed under a Zeiss Axioscope Digital Imaging Microscope and cells on the lower side of the chamber were counted under a fluores cein isothiocyanate filter and 20× objective for five dis tinct fields of view. buy INNO-406 Statistics All experiments were performed at least three times to allow for statistical analysis. The Newman Keuls multi ple range comparison was used to determine statistical differences in data sets with more than two experimen tal conditions. For pairwise comparisons, the Students t test was used. P values are indicated for each analysis.

For each experiment, pairs in the data set which are sta tistically different, or populations which do not overlap with any other in the data set, are buy Lapatinib indicated with an asterisk, Results MUC1 ICAM 1 binding induced signalling is mediated by Src kinase We first confirmed that Src kinase is a critical compo nent of the MUC1 ICAM 1 signalling axis by siRNA knockdown of Src in MUC1 CFP transfected HEK 293T cells. After Src siRNA treatment, we obtained a 50% reduction in the levels of Src protein, compared to treat ment with Lipofectamine alone or scrambled siRNA, We then assayed for calcium oscillations and migration, and found that MUC1 CFP cells treated with Lipofectamine only respond to ICAM 1 stimulation by generating calcium oscillations and cell migration, indicating that the presence of the CFP tail does not interfere with this response.

Non transfected HEK 293T cells which have no MUC1 showed no difference in ICAM 1 binding induced calcium oscillations or migra tion with decreased Src. Addition of scrambled siRNA to the transfected MUC1 CFP cells Lonafarnib 構造 showed no decrease in Src levels and levels of ICAM 1 binding induced events equivalent to the Lipofectamine only condition, However, Src siRNA induced Src knockdown in HEK 293T cells transfected with MUC1 CFP resulted in significant decreases in the ICAM 1 binding initiated calcium oscillations and transmigration through an ICAM 1 monolayer, This establishs Src kinase as an essential mediator of MUC1 ICAM 1 binding signalling and migration.

MUC1 forms constitutive cytoplasmic domain dimers in human breast cancer cell lines and transfected HEK 293T cells MUC1 positive human breast cancer cell lines MCF 7 and T47D and HEK 293T cells transfected with MUC1 CFP or the MUC1 splice variant lacking the tandem repeat domain MUCY YFP Fv were lysed with or without prior treatment with the membrane permeable crosslinker DSS. No Fv ligands were added, so only con stitutive dimers of the MUCY YFP Fv are detectable. DSS reacts with primary amine containing amino acids within 11. 4 distance to produce covalently bonded complexes. It is important to note that DSS only reacts with lysine residues which are within 11. 4 of each other prior to DSS treatment, DSS itself does not induce complex formation. MUC1 CD contains a membrane proximal lysine residue which would be suscepti ble to DSS crosslinking. Western blotting and probing for MUC1 CD in the cells treated with DSS revealed the invariable appearance of a new species at exactly double the molecular weight of the monomeric cytoplasmic domain, consistent with the presence of a MUC1 CD homodimer.